Green Pasture's Blue Ice Fermented Skate Liver Oil Naturally fermented Blue Ice Skate Liver Oil is the superior choice for cartilage fish oil because skate oil is abundant in Vitamins A, D, E, and K, the full range of omega fatty acids, and the unique nutrients chondroitin, squalene, and alkylglycerols, also found in shark liver oil. Blue Ice Fermented Skate Liver Oil is created with a proprietary cold process extraction and cleaning method to naturally enhance its nutritional value and assimilation. Blue Ice Fermented Skate Liver Oil is batch processed and independently tested to international purity standards. You will find Blue Ice Fermented Skate Liver Oil is thick, rich, and full of pigment and naturally occurring nutrients. Fermentation improves absorption. The definition of fermentation is "breaking down into simpler components". Fermentation makes the foods easier to digest and the nutrients easier to assimilate. In effect, much of the work of digestion is done for you. Since it doesn't use heat, fermentation also retains enzymes, vitamins, and other nutrients that are usually destroyed by food processing. Laboratory testing of our skate liver oil is influenced by the seasons and natural feeding cycles of the fish. Different levels of Vitamins A & D are reported and the results can vary from batch to batch. Our ancestors had the common sense to rely on this sacred food over the course of the years, and now thanks to Green Pasture, you can too. Synthetic chemicals and temperature-controlled mechanization create an industrialized, "cookie cutter" product that may look appealing, but is devoid of critical nutrients. Because Green Pastures hand-crafted skate liver oils are naturally-fermented and are influenced by the cycles of nature, each batch may vary in appearance and flavor - but retain their all-important nutrient integrity.